Inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi contributes to the survival of tree seedlings in a copper mine tailing

To advance our understanding of the effects of inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) on seedling colonization in mine wastelands, we conducted a field experiment in a copper tailing. Six-month-old seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak (Quercus variabilis) separately inoculated with three EMF species (Pisolithus sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Laccaria laccata) were transplanted to the copper tailing. The survival rates of tree seedlings were monitored monthly, and growth (biomass and height), contents of nutrients and heavy metals (K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn), and mycorrhizal infection rates of seedlings were determined 6 months after planting. Oak seedlings exhibited higher survival rates than pine seedlings after 6 months of growth on the tailing. EMF inoculations of pine seedlings significantly enhanced their survival, growth, and nutrient uptake. In contrast, EMF inoculations of oak seedlings improved growth only in terms of biomass. Additionally, EMF inoculation caused pine seedlings to accumulate more Cu and Zn in roots compared to non-inoculated seedlings, whereas inoculation inhibited the accumulation of heavy metals in shoots. However, similar results were not observed in oak seedlings. Observations of roots indicated that the rates of mycorrhizal infection of both tree species had dramatically declined at harvest time. In conclusion, ectomycorrhizal symbioses can improve the survival and performance of pine seedlings in mine tailings. The present study provided direct evidence of the importance of EMF inoculation of seedlings to the reforestation of mine wastelands.     

浙江省森林公园开发建设与可持续发展

为更好地适应现代森林旅游业发展的需要,保持森林公园可持续发展,当前应当高度重视森林公园的新机制,重视整体与特色观念引入、保护性开发建设、风景林营造与林相改造、政府投入等问题。     

山杨复合胶合板的制作

本文描述了利用山杨材制和复合胶合板的研究，研究结果表明，以其优质材料旋切的单板为表层材料，以劣质木材制作的刨花板为芯层材料制作和复合胶合板的主要物理力学性能指标与传统的胶合板板基本相同。     

卫矛矢尖蚧空间分布型的研究

本文应用8个聚集性指标测算了卫矛矢尖蚧越冬代成虫及1龄若虫的空间分布型。结果表明,成虫及若虫在大叶黄杨上的空间分布均为聚集型,分布的基本成分为个体群。对1龄若虫活动期在时间序列过程中空间分布型变化的分析表明,1龄若虫出现盛期聚集度相对较低,为其种群向更大空间扩展时期;在密度极低时为均匀分布。     

转基因大豆外源基因的漂移风险

转基因作物外源基因的漂移已为国内外学者所证实。我国每年进口转基因大豆的数量巨大,转基因大豆外源基因的漂移对我国传统的大豆作物和生态环境是一个潜在威胁。本文论述了转基因大豆的概况和外源基因漂移的风险,并对进境转基因大豆的检测监管进行了思考。     

棉花曲叶病毒对棉花造成的经济损失评估

棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leafcurl virus)是我国进境检疫性病毒,严重危害棉花的生长,给棉花生产带来巨大经济损失。文中分析此病毒可能给棉花生产所造成的损失,包括直接经济损失、间接经济损失和防治费用。估算了棉花曲叶病毒对棉花造成的经济损失值为77.27亿元~498.61亿元。     

二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯的抗性选育及增效剂的增效作用

［目的］ 探索二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗性机理和抗性治理途径。 ［方法］ 采用室内生物测定法,以采自兰州兴隆山自然保护区的二斑叶螨为敏感种群（S）,在室内用甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯分别对二斑叶螨进行抗性选育;用增效醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TPP)、有机硅、噻酮进行增效作用研究。［结果］二斑叶螨经室内甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯抗性选育45代和30代后,抗性倍数分别达到314.50倍和77.92倍。TPP、PBO、DEM 3种增效剂对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯种群的抗敏增效比分别为12.15、7.78和3.09,推测其抗性机理涉及的主要解毒酶是羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶; DEM对二斑叶螨抗螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效比大于TPP和PBO,分别为4.87、3.67和1.91,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯产生抗性机理可能与谷胱甘肽转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性增强有关。有机硅和噻酮对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效指数比分别为1.38、1.42和1.18、0.92,说明二斑叶螨的抗性与表皮通透性改变关系不密切。 ［结论］ 上述结果可以为二斑叶螨的抗性治理提供依据。     

类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的影响

将克隆的黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白基因片段在大肠杆菌中表达纯化,并分析其对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的影响,从而探讨黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素杀虫活性的增效作用。黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白基因片段在大肠杆菌中表达产物为包涵体,经尿素变性后,用亲和纯化法可得到较纯的重组蛋白;随着类钙粘蛋白片段与Cry3A质量比值的升高,Cry3A毒素对黄粉虫的杀虫活性也逐步提高,当其比值为1时,活性达到最大,提高了2.5倍,而黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白片段对Cry3Am的杀虫活性却没有显著性影响。研究表明,黄粉虫类钙粘蛋白对Cry3A毒素的杀虫活性具有增效作用。